| Residency Program in Veterinary
Clinical Pharmacy |
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| The School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, is offering a residency program in Veterinary Pharmacy. Minimum qualifications include graduation from an accredited school of pharmacy and a California Pharmacy License or ability to obtain a license within one year. The selection of residents is made on the basis of academic achievement, career objectives, letters of recommendation, and pertinent experience. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Objectives |
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| Justification for Clinical Education | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Veterinary Pharmacy is a practice that has slowly evolved
from the role of a sole Veterinarian selecting, dispensing and sometimes
manufacturing his/her own medications to a highly regulated, research-based
pharmacy profession that requires a vast background of knowledge about
pharmacology, therapeutics, law and compounding of drugs. The variety
of species and scope of pharmaceutical information required to provide
quality of care now necessitates a specialty residency to meet these demands.
Academic veterinary centers, drug companies, manufacturing companies and
regulatory agencies have all expressed interest in graduates from the
program. Annual demand from the sources consulted with would approach
one per year for academics (SVHP), 1-2 per year in regulatory departments
(FDA), and 2-3 per year in commercial markets (Pfizer, Schering). We would
anticipate at least 5-10 applicants/year (Robert Mowers-UCD, Michael Winters-UCSF).
This would be the first established residency program in Veterinary Pharmacy
for pharmacists. The Veterinary Clinical Pharmacy Residency Program is designed to address these needs and provide non-degree postdoctoral education in veterinary pharmacy. The residency program will be a one-year program. Successful completion of the residency will result in a Residency Certificate. The program utilizes the facilities and faculty of the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis. A large clinical case load exists at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (VMTH) to support a multitude of pharmacy services, including inpatient, outpatient, nutrition, sterile infusion services, oncology, compounding, and emergency services. The VMTH and its national reputation for veterinary pharmacy services provide a core drug information and clinical consulting center for veterinary practitioners as well as pet owners. |
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| Residency Program: Courses of Activities | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Duration | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| This will be a one year residency program for interested
residents. A Certificate of Residency will be awarded to candidates successfully
completing the program. Residents will be asked to work a minimum of 40
hours per week. Time off for sick leave and/or vacation will be according
to established university policy (ie. 2 working days/month). Hours may
be extended as required for travel to externship sites or rotations in
the field. |
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| General Scope and Nature of Training | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In the first four months, residents will spend
most of their time in the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital under the
direct supervision of the two Veterinary Clinical Pharmacists. Residents
will attend clinical rounds in small, large and exotic animal clinics.
Rotation through one or more of the subspecialty areas of cardiology,
dermatology, neurology, oncology, and ophthalmology will be included.
The first four months will consist of approximately 50% clinical practice.
The remaining time will involve work in drug information, design of clinical
trials, and pharmacy. There will be no designated class room work. Starting in the fifth month, residents will select a specialty area of emphasis based on their own interests. A research topic will be selected and the following four months will be tailored to develop skills around that area. The research topic will be submitted for approval by the end of the fifth month. During the next four months, students will have the option to rotate through several externship specialty sites to develop and complete their research projects. This may include a rotation at the University of California Davis Medical Center (UCDMC), for the preparation of sterile products including nutrition and oncology preparation techniques. Alternatively, residents may rotate through the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), where they will obtain expertise in pharmaceutical compounding and manufacturing. The student may also rotate through the Pharmacology/Pharmacokinetics Laboratory at UCDMC where they will learn basic analytical techniques (HPLC) or in vitro assays to assess drug concentrations, metabolism and efficacy. In the last two months, residents will undertake a brief overview of Veterinary Pharmacy regulatory processes. Depending on the residents area of interest that may be accomplished at any of the following external sites. This may include a regulatory agency such as 1) a drug company, 2) The Board of Pharmacy, and 3) The FDA or Public Health Department. These rotations should provide residents with a good appreciation of food animal residue issues, Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). Residents interested in continuing into the second year will spend most of their time developing special interests. Approximately 10-20% time will involve teaching of pharmacy students and conducting clinical pharmacy rounds and Journal Club. The remaining time will be spent at a pharmaceutical company or a manufacturing company in order to learn about R&D, and further their understanding of Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). The resident may also choose to continue or expand on their research project from the first year. Students will further their research methodology, critical assessment of the literature, research design, writing and presentation skills. Second year students will also have the opportunity to learn grant writing skills. |
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| Time Line | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residents in their first three months will start
in the Inpatient/Outpatient pharmacy at the VMTH, School of Veterinary
Medicine, UC Davis, learning pharmacy operations, veterinary compounding
and drug information. Students will learn the veterinary formulary and
attend weekly rounds given by the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital.,
in both small and large animal services as well as several elective rounds
in a subspecialty of their choice (ophthalmology, cardiology, oncology,
etc.). Students will additionally select a drug information topic and
learn how to critically evaluate the literature. The topic will then be
either presented orally at pharmacy rounds or written up and submitted
for publication to a peer reviewed journal. Students will identify an
area of research interest by the end of the 5th month. Topics will be
highly flexible and based on the specific interests of the individual
resident. Starting in the 5th month of the residency program the student
will learn the basic research techniques necessary to complete their research
project. This will be done at the pharmacology/pharmacokinetics laboratory
at UCDMC. Here students can learn a variety of analytical techniques (HPLC)
to assess drug and metabolite concentrations or several in vitro cell
culture models to assess drug efficacy. Alternatively, if their area of
interest is involving drug manufacturing or compounding of formulations
they will have the opportunity to develop these skills in the pharmaceutical
laboratory at UCSF. Residents will have the opportunity to reside in San
Francisco or in Vacaville, Ca. at a faculty members house during their
externship. In the following 4-5 months the resident will design, perform
and do data analysis on their research topic. They will work with Dr.
Wiebe to write up results in abstract form for submission to the UCD,
VMTH Annual House Officers Seminar Day. Research projects will also be
written up for submission to and potential publication by a peer reviewed
journal. The last two months of the residency will be spent in an externship
learning regulatory issues with one of the following: 1) a drug company,
2) The Board of Pharmacy, and 3) The FDA or Public Health Department.
Here the students will learn the basic processes of GLP, GMP and other
drug approval processes. |
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| Knowledge and Skills | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The Pharm. D. level candidate will be provided with information and
experience to apply their considerable skills in medical treatment of
disease conditions, therapeutic regimen design, clinical trials, drug
distribution and regulation, pharmaceutics, pharmacology, kinetics, drug
information sources and services, etc. in the provision of pharmaceutical
services for animal patients. Graduates of this program will have a unique combination of skills. Their knowledge of drug marketing, quality assurance, and clinical trial design, tempered with their veterinary experience will make them valuable assets to the veterinary pharmaceutical industry, regulatory agencies, colleges of pharmacy, and colleges of veterinary medicine. |
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| Structure and Organization | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residents will be supervised directly by Dr. Valerie Wiebe, Pharm.D.
(Chief Clinical Pharmacy Coordinator). Approximately 40% of her time will
be involved in directly overseeing the resident in a clinical capacity.
Others who will participate significantly in the resident's instruction
will include Gale Moniz, RPh (Chief of Pharmaceutical Services). She directly
oversees pharmacy operations and will spend 20% time teaching inpatient
and outpatient veterinary pharmaceutical dispensing to residents. Dr.Robert
Mowers, Pharm.D., (Clinical Instructor at the University of California
Davis, Medical Center (UCDMC), who oversees clinical residents at UCDMC
will oversee externships performed at UCDMC. He will spend approximately
10% effort overseeing the residency. Mr. Greg Wurz (Supervisor of the pharmacokinetics laboratory at UCDMC) will oversee research design, methodology, statistical analysis and analytical chemistry techniques of residents. He will devote approximately 20% time during the resident rotation. Dr. Wiebe will work to assist the resident in the selection, clinical design and methodology of the research project. The resident will have desk space and computer access at the VMTH main pharmacy. Analytical equipment, chemicals and other required instrumentation to complete their research project will be available in the Pharmacokinetics laboratory at UCDMC. |
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| Faculty Participating in the Proposed Program | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dr. Valerie Wiebe, Pharm.D. will be primarily responsible for the direct
supervision and evaluation of residents. She will spend 40% time directly
overseeing the resident. She will assure that the resident achieves the
stated objectives of the program. Gale Moniz, RPH (Chief of Pharmacy Services)
will oversee the operational instruction of residents. She will spend
20% effort in the first few months teaching sterile product preparation,
compounding, and pharmaceutical preparation of veterinary drugs. Dr. Robert
Mowers, Pharm. D. will oversee residents in externship rotations at UCDMC. |
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| Process of Evaluation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residents will be evaluated based on several criteria. Requirements
that must be met before a resident can receive a Certificate of Residency
for the program include: 1) Satisfactory completion of all rotations,
2) Satisfactory completion of the research project, 3) Satisfactory completion
of the externships, 4) Determination that all requirements have been met
by the Chief Clinical Pharmacy Coordinator. Attendance is mandatory for
the entire program. Poor attendance will be grounds for dismissal. Residents
must complete all requirements in order to obtain a Certificate. VMTH
policy will be followed in cases where dismissal is required for any resident. |
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| Certification | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The specific academic requirements and conditions needed to complete
the residency and obtain a certificate include:
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| For application procedures, salary and benefits,
and other information about the residency program, please see General
Information on the VMTH web site. |
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